Adobe To Announce Source Code, Customer Data Breach

Adobe Systems Inc. is expected to announce today that hackers broke into its network and stole source code for an as-yet undetermined number of software titles, including its ColdFusion Web application platform, and possibly its Acrobat family of products. The company said hackers also accessed nearly three million customer credit card records, and stole login data for an undetermined number of Adobe user accounts.

A screen shot of purloined source code stolen from Adobe, shared with the company by KrebsOnSec

KrebsOnSecurity first became aware of the source code leak roughly one week ago, when this author — working in conjunction with fellow researcher Alex Holden, CISO of Hold Security LLC — discovered a massive 40 GB source code trove stashed on a server used by the same cyber criminals believed to have hacked into major data aggregators earlier this year, including LexisNexis, Dun & Bradstreet and Kroll. The hacking team’s server contained huge repositories of uncompiled and compiled code that appeared to be source code for ColdFusion and Adobe Acrobat.
Shortly after that discovery, KrebsOnSecurity shared several screen shots of the code repositories with Adobe. Today, Adobe responded with confirmation that it has been working on an investigation into a potentially broad-ranging breach into its networks since Sept. 17, 2013.
In an interview with this publication earlier today, Adobe confirmed that the company believes that hackers accessed a source code repository sometime in mid-August 2013, after breaking into a portion of Adobe’s network that handled credit card transactions for customers. Adobe believes the attackers stole credit card and other data on approximately 2.9 million customers, and that the bad guys also accessed an as-yet-undetermined number of user names and passwords that customers use to access various parts of the Adobe customer network.

ColdFusion source code repository found on hacker’s server.

Adobe said the credit card numbers were encrypted and that the company does not believe decrypted credit card numbers left its network. Nevertheless, the company said that later today it will begin the process of notifying affected customers — which include many Revel and Creative Cloud account users —  via email that they need to reset their passwords.
In an interview prior to sending out a news alert on the company’s findings, Adobe’s Chief Security Officer Brad Arkin said the information shared by this publication “helped steer our investigation in a new direction.” Arkin said the company has undertaken a rigorous review of the ColdFusion code shipped since the code archive was compromised, and that it is confident that the source code for ColdFusion code that shipped following the incident “maintained its integrity.”
“We are in the early days of what we expect will be an extremely long and thorough response to this incident,” Arkin said. The company is expected to publish an official statement this afternoon outlining the broad points of its investigation so far.
Arkin said Adobe is still in the process of determining what source code for other products may have been accessed by the attackers, and conceded that Adobe Acrobat may have been among the products the bad guys touched. Indeed, one of the screen shots this publication shared with Adobe indicates that the attackers also had access to Acrobat code, including what appears to be code for as-yet unreleased Acrobat components (see screen grab above).
“We’re still at the brainstorming phase to come up with ways to provide higher level of assurance for the integrity of our products, and that’s going to be a key part of our response,” Arkin said. He noted that the company was in the process of looking for anomalous check-in activity on its code repositories and for other things that might seem out of place.
“We are looking at malware analysis and exploring the different digital assets we have. Right now the investigation is really into the trail of breadcrumbs of where the bad guys touched.”
The revelations come just two days after KrebsOnSecurity published a story indicating that the same attackers apparently responsible for this breach were also involved in the intrusions into the  networks of the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), a congressionally-funded non-profit organization that provides training, investigative support and research to agencies and entities involved in the prevention, investigation and prosecution of cybercrime. As noted in that story, the attackers appear to have initiated the intrusion into the NW3C using a set of attack tools that leveraged security vulnerabilities in Adobe’s ColdFusion Web application server.
While Adobe many months ago issued security updates to plug all of the ColdFusion vulnerabilities used by the attackers, many networks apparently run outdated versions of the software, leaving them vulnerable to compromise. This indeed may have also been the vector that attackers used to infiltrate Adobe’s own networks; Arkin said the company has not yet determined whether the servers that were breached were running ColdFusion, but acknowledged that the attackers appear to have gotten their foot in the door through “some type of out-of-date” software.
Stay tuned for further updates on this rapidly-moving story.

Research detects dangerous malware hiding in peripherals

A Berlin researcher has demonstrated the capability to detect previously undetectable stealthy malware that resides in graphics and network cards.
Patrick Stewin's proof of concept demonstrated that a detector could be built to find the sophisticated malware that ran on dedicated devices and attacked direct memory access (DMA).
The attacks launched by the malware dubbed DAGGER targeted host runtime memory using DMA provided to hardware devices. These attacks were not within scope of antimalware systems and therefore not detected.

DAGGER, also developed by Stewin and Iurii Bystrov of the FGSect Technical University of Berlin research group, attacked 32bit and 64bit Windows and Linux systems and could bypass memory address randomisation.
After beginning life last year as a keylogger, DAGGER has recently been upgraded with new functionality and now included the ability to update its attack behaviour during runtime via an out-of-band channel.
"DMA malware is stealthy to a point where the host cannot detect its presence," Stewin said.
In a paper Stewin will present next month, he said the DMA attacks were both dangerous and undetectable. (pdf)

"DMA-based attacks launched from peripherals are capable of compromising the host without exploiting vulnerabilities present in the operating system running on the host.
"Therefore they present a highly critical threat to system security and integrity. Unfortunately,to date no OS (operating system) implements security mechanisms that can detect DMA-based attacks. Furthermore, attacks against memory management units have been demonstrated in the past and therefore cannot be considered trustworthy."

The German Government funded research was closing in on its aim to develop a reliable detector for DMA malware.
"At the moment we have a proof-of-concept that proves that a detector is possible," Stewin said in an email to SC. "It can find DAGGER."
The proof-of-concept was based on a runtime monitor dubbed BARM which modelled and compared expected memory bus activity to the resulting activity, meaning malware residing on peripherals would be detected.
Stewin said the detector would not significantly drain compute resources.
Some detectors had been previously developed but they required that peripherals be modified or that a special debug feature exist.
The researchers aimed to develop the proof of concept into a detector that did not require modification.
The pair would present the research paper "A Primitive for Revealing Stealthy Peripheral-based Attacks on the Computing Platform's Main Memory" at the 16th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses in October in Saint Lucia.